Pascal's+Principle

Pascal’s principle

 * Fluid power technology actually began in the 1650 with the discovery of Pascal’s law: **//Pressure is transmitted undiminished in a confined body of fluid.//** Pascal found that when he rammed a cork down into a jug completely full of wine, the bottom of the jug broke and fell out. || media type="youtube" key="dIjAFW02PBM" height="315" width="420" ||
 * Pascal’s law indicated that the pressures were equal at the top and bottom of the jug. Pascal observed that the jug has a small opening at the top and a large area at the bottom, concluding that the bottom was absorbing a greater force due to its larger area.

Pascal’s law reveals the underlying principle of how fluids transmit power. It states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions. This reveals why a full glass bottle can break if a stopper is forced into the already full chamber. Since the liquid is incompressible, it transmits the pressure applied at the stopper throughout the container.

An important application of Pascal’s law is the hydraulic press Illustrated in fig2. A force F1 is applied to a small piston of area A1. The pressure is transmitted through a liquid to a larger piston area A2. Since the pressure is the same on both sides, we see that P=F1/A1=F2/A2. Therefore, the force F2 is larger than F1 by the multiplying factor A2/A1. Hydraulic brakes, car lifts, hydraulic jacks, and forklifts all make use of this principle || ||
 * [[image:PascalLaw5.jpg width="487" height="218" caption="Fig 2 A bus supported by a hydraulic lift"]] ||  ||